What type of chemical reaction occurs during the permanent waving process?

During the permanent waving process, a reduction reaction takes place. This is because the hair's disulfide bonds, which provide structure and strength, need to be broken to allow the hair to be reshaped into curls or waves. The reducing agents, often containing thioglycolic acid or similar compounds, work to break down these disulfide bonds, allowing the hair to be molded into the desired form.

Once the new shape is set with the help of a neutralizer, the disulfide bonds are re-formed in their new configuration, thus ensuring the hair retains the curl or wave. Understanding this chemical reaction is crucial for anyone working in cosmetology, as it provides insight into the process and helps ensure the safest and most effective techniques are used during permanent waving procedures.